Vocabulary Cards 4

An aroma is a scent or smell.
 I love the aroma of coffee in the morning.

(güzel koku)

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A beverage is a drink.
The waiter brought our beverages first. Then he brought our food.

(içecek)

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A cluster of things is a small group of them placed close together.
She held a large cluster of grapes in her hand.

(küme-salkım)

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To combine is to join together to make a single thing or group.
Mina combined peanut butter and jelly to make a sandwich.

(birleştirmek)

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When a liquid is condensed, it is made thicker.
 One way to make a dessert thick and sweet is to use condensed milk.

(yoğunlaştırılmış)

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When something is contemporary, it is related to the present time.
 Contemporary scientists have learned quite a bit about DNA.

(çağdaş)

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To cultivate plants is to care for them and help them grow.
A research company is cultivating new kinds of rice to aid poor countries.

(ekip biçmek)

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When something is divine, it is related to gods.
 Legends say that music was given to men as a divine gift from the gods.

(muhteşem/ilahi)

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When it is humid, there is a lot of water in the air.
It is very humid inside of a sauna.

(nem)

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An odor is a very distinct smell.
 He knew there was a leak when he noticed the strong odor of natural gas.

(koku)

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The palate is the top part of the mouth.
You can touch your palate with your tongue.

(damak)

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Paradise is the place or condition of happiness where things are perfect.
My vacation in Hawaii was like being in paradise.

(cennet)

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A plantation is a big farm that only grows certain kinds of crops.
In the 1800s, there were many cotton plantations in the southern US.

(büyük çiftlik)

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When something is rapid, it moves or changes very quickly.
His mother was surprised by her son’s rapid growth.

(hızlı)

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A rate is the speed at which something happens.
Grass tends to grow at a very slow rate.

(oran)

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When something is soothing, it makes you calm or relaxed.
 The soothing music helped the baby fall asleep.

(yatıştırıcı)

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When something is subtle, it is not easy to see or notice.
The handsome man has a subtle smile.

(belli belirsiz)

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The texture of something is the way its surface looks and feels.
The texture of a rock found in the water is typically very smooth.

(doku)

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When something is toxic, it is poisonous. Toxic things are very dangerous.
Please check the label to see if the product is toxic.

(zehirli)

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To vary means to be different from another thing in size or amount.
The heights of the people in my class vary by a large amount.

(çeşitlilik göstermek)

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The History of Chocolate
Many people believe that chocolate originally came from Europe. However, chocolate, called the “food of the gods,” was first made in the Americas. The first chocolate was very different from contemporary chocolate. Wild chocolate trees can grow easily in the humid Amazon rainforest. Clusters of flowers growing on these trees turn to seeds. About 20 to 60 cacao beans can be found in the seeds. Cacao beans are the ingredient needed to create sweet, soothing, and delicious chocolate treats. The Mayan and Aztec cultures both thought that chocolate trees were brought from paradise by gods. The Mayans and Aztecs used the beans from this divine tree to create
a special beverage with a very pleasant odor. Surprisingly, the Aztecs believed that it would be toxic to women and children. In the 1500s, the Spanish explorer Cortes met the Aztecs. Cortes became quite interested in the plantations where the Aztecs cultivated chocolate trees. When he returned to Europe, he took cacao beans with him. He introduced the people of Spain to the Aztecs’ chocolate beverage. Over the next 100 years or so, kings, queens, and members of the upper class enjoyed drinking chocolate. They enjoyed it even more once they learned to add sugar to the beverage! Soon, chocolate had spread all across Europe. New machines allowed
chocolate makers to perfect their products and produce them at a very rapid rate. Preparing the beans in special ways brought out the aroma of chocolate. The beans were combined with condensed milk to give the chocolate a smooth texture. Today, contemporary chocolates with subtle flavors fill the shelves of expensive chocolate shops. The different types of chocolate available today vary widely. True chocolate lovers can tell which is best, though. They will tell you that the flavor of high quality chocolate stays on the palate long after you finish it.

Mark each statement T for true or F for false. 
1. Wild chocolate trees grow well in humid weather.
2. The Mayans and Aztecs said chocolate was a divine plant brought from paradise.
3. The Mayans cultivated chocolate trees on plantations.
4. Beans were combined with condensed milk to give chocolate a smooth texture.
5. The first chocolate beverages were made in Europe.
6. The different types of chocolate available today vary widely.

 Answer the questions.
7. Which word is NOT used to describe chocolate in the reading?
a. Aroma          b. Delicious
c. Soothing       d. Sweet

8. Which of the following did NOT consume chocolate as a beverage?
a. Cortes                 b. Europeans in the 1500s
c. Mayan gods       d. The Aztecs

9. Which group of people believed that chocolate was toxic to women and children?
a. Chocolate makers                     b. Plantation owners
c. The upper class in Europe      d. The Aztecs

10. What allowed chocolate to be produced at a rapid rate?
a. Cortes of Spain               b. Cacao beans
c. New machines                d. Kings and queens

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1. T
2. T
3. F The Aztecs cultivated chocolate trees on plantations.
4. T
5. F The first chocolate beverages were made by the Mayans and Aztecs.
6. T
7. a
8. c
9. d
10. c