Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH)
The Internet and Fiber Optics
1 The Internet is lauded by most as the greatest innovation of the twentieth century. Originally conceived of by the US Federal Department of Defense as a means of decentralizing their computer control center in the event of nuclear attack, the Internet has grown into a huge network of globally connected computers. In fact, recent figures indicate that nearly two billion people currently make use of its many services. The Internet has revolutionized global communications, information access, and commercial transactions. (Question 1-2)
2 This complex system, whose visual representation resembles the architecture of the human brain, allows individuals to communicate almost instantaneously across vast distances through email, instant messaging, and videoconferencing. The emergence of the World Wide Web. a massive set of interlinked online documents, and search engines such as Google, have ushered in a new age of instant information including text, graphics, and audio-visual media. Online forums. message boards, and websites dedicated to serving particular interest groups have broadened people’s social circles and communication opportunities. Remote access enables users to check email and access files and programs on a home or office PC from distant locations. Streaming media provide a venue for broadcast companies such as the BBC or individuals participating in sites such as YouTube to upload video for mass consumption. Secure servers allow for financial transactions and the online purchasing of virtually any type of product. (Question 3)
3 Fiber optics works by using a light source adjacent to the fiber such as a lightemitting d10de (LED) or laser to produce and digitally encode the light signal. This light travels through the core of the fiber, which is composed of pure flexible glass. The purer the glass, the clearer the signal. Since light travels in straight lines, the core is covered with a mirrored layer that reflects light off its walls and guides it down the fiber channel. To make up for signal loss over distance, laser amplifiers convert the weakening signal into a stronger one with the same properties. Finally, upon reaching its destination, an opt1cal receiver decodes the digital signal so that it can be read by a computer, TV, or telephone. Fiber-optics technology is not limited to the Internet. (Question 5-6)
4 Due to the physical constraints mvolved in creating a fiber-opt1c infrastructure within cities because of the need to distribute fibers among millions of users, fiberoptic systems have been reserved up until very recently for long-distance applications. Telecommunication companies usually solve what they caLl the “last mile” connectivity problem by complementing fiber with copper-wire systems already in place. Fiber-tothe- node, also called fiber-to-the-neighborhood, (FTTN) delivers fiber-optic service to an area where cable or DSL copper-wire service providers offer high-speed Internet to their subscribers. While their bandwidth is inferior to fiber, both cable and DSL (digital subscriber line) are intermediate measures that provide adequate service without the huge undertaking of replacing and rerouting fiber to individual residences and businesses. (Question 7-8-9)
5 Recent studies estimate that Internet traffic will increase fifty-fold within the next two years. Because the number of light colors that can be routed through a single fiber doubles every six to nine months, the bandwidth potential for fiber is virtually limitless. This makes it a safe bet for the future where yet unheard of Internet media hinted at by 3-D virtual world applications will likely demand increasingly faster connection speeds. To date, more than 10 million customers worldwide have fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) service. While Asian countries have taken the lead in this regard, it is probable that FTTH will be the standard international medium of Internet connectivity in the not-so-distant future. (Question 10)
I have noticed that your blog needs some fresh articles.
Writing manually takes a lot of time, but there is tool for this
time consuming task, search for: Wrastain’s tools
for content
I precisely wanted to say thanks yet again. I’m not certain the things I might have implemented in the absence of the type of hints discussed by you concerning this subject matter. It previously was a very intimidating setting in my position, however , being able to view your well-written form you processed it took me to leap for contentment. Now i’m happy for your advice and in addition have high hopes you comprehend what an amazing job your are putting in training men and women via a site. I am sure you’ve never come across all of us.
I intended to write you this very small remark to say thanks a lot again with the magnificent information you’ve shared on this website. It is simply unbelievably open-handed of you to present freely what exactly a few individuals could possibly have marketed for an ebook to generate some money for their own end, primarily considering the fact that you might well have done it in the event you desired. Those smart ideas additionally served to become a great way to fully grasp that other individuals have the same interest much like my very own to figure out much more in regard to this matter. I believe there are many more pleasurable occasions in the future for many who read carefully your site.
When I initially commented I clicked the -Notify me when new feedback are added- checkbox and now every time a comment is added I get four emails with the same comment. Is there any way you may take away me from that service? Thanks!
I want to express my passion for your kindness giving support to people that absolutely need help on this important theme. Your personal dedication to passing the message throughout came to be really valuable and has consistently encouraged ladies like me to get to their dreams. Your own insightful hints and tips indicates a great deal to me and additionally to my peers. Thanks a lot; from all of us.
I simply needed to say thanks once again. I am not sure the things that I might have undertaken in the absence of the tricks shown by you over such subject. It has been the traumatic condition for me, nevertheless encountering the specialized manner you dealt with that made me to jump with delight. I’m just happy for the assistance and believe you know what a great job you happen to be accomplishing instructing many others with the aid of your website. I am certain you’ve never met all of us.
I have to voice my love for your kind-heartedness for all those that need guidance on this particular idea. Your very own dedication to getting the message up and down was quite interesting and has surely enabled workers just like me to realize their targets. Your important guidelines denotes this much to me and still more to my peers. Thank you; from each one of us.
I really wanted to develop a brief message to say thanks to you for all the fantastic ideas you are writing at this website. My extended internet investigation has now been rewarded with professional suggestions to write about with my relatives. I ‘d repeat that many of us visitors are unequivocally blessed to be in a decent place with so many special professionals with beneficial tactics. I feel extremely fortunate to have used your entire weblog and look forward to plenty of more pleasurable moments reading here. Thank you once again for a lot of things.
I have to express my thanks to you for bailing me out of such a crisis. Because of exploring throughout the world-wide-web and seeing thoughts which were not helpful, I believed my life was well over. Existing without the presence of solutions to the difficulties you have resolved by means of your main short post is a critical case, as well as the kind that would have in a negative way damaged my career if I had not discovered your website. That training and kindness in maneuvering every part was invaluable. I don’t know what I would have done if I had not come across such a solution like this. It’s possible to now look ahead to my future. Thanks for your time so much for the reliable and result oriented guide. I will not think twice to propose the website to anybody who desires guide on this problem.
I intended to write you that little bit of word to help say thanks yet again just for the magnificent things you’ve provided in this case. It was remarkably generous of you to offer freely what a number of us would have offered as an ebook in making some profit on their own, most importantly considering the fact that you might well have done it in case you considered necessary. These ideas likewise worked like the good way to be aware that most people have the same eagerness the same as my very own to know the truth somewhat more when it comes to this issue. I am sure there are some more pleasant periods in the future for people who scan through your blog post.
I precisely needed to appreciate you yet again. I do not know what I would’ve carried out without these methods discussed by you directly on such industry. This was a very daunting crisis in my circumstances, but noticing a new specialised style you processed that took me to cry for gladness. I’m happy for the guidance and in addition hope you are aware of a great job you happen to be putting in educating most people via your web page. More than likely you haven’t encountered all of us.
I truly wanted to compose a brief word so as to appreciate you for those superb guidelines you are showing on this site. My rather long internet look up has at the end of the day been honored with awesome ideas to talk about with my companions. I ‘d suppose that we site visitors are rather endowed to live in a useful place with so many brilliant individuals with valuable solutions. I feel very much grateful to have come across your entire weblog and look forward to really more enjoyable times reading here. Thanks a lot again for all the details.
I precisely needed to say thanks yet again. I am not sure what I would have accomplished without the entire points contributed by you regarding such a topic. It had become a real alarming condition in my position, nevertheless spending time with a skilled fashion you managed that forced me to jump for contentment. Now i’m happy for your information and in addition trust you realize what an amazing job that you’re doing educating others through a web site. I’m certain you’ve never got to know any of us.
My spouse and i felt more than happy when Peter could deal with his reports from your ideas he gained from your site. It is now and again perplexing to simply continually be making a gift of things which usually some others have been selling. So we fully understand we need the writer to be grateful to for this. These explanations you’ve made, the simple site menu, the relationships you can give support to engender – it’s got everything incredible, and it is leading our son in addition to the family believe that this topic is cool, which is quite fundamental. Many thanks for all!
Great post. I used to be checking constantly this weblog and I am impressed! Very helpful info particularly the closing part 🙂 I take care of such information much. I was looking for this certain information for a very long time. Thanks and best of luck.
I would like to get across my love for your kindness in support of persons that require help on the topic. Your very own dedication to passing the solution all over was extremely advantageous and has specifically allowed girls much like me to realize their endeavors. Your entire insightful help denotes this much a person like me and substantially more to my peers. Warm regards; from each one of us.
I simply desired to thank you very much once again. I’m not certain what I could possibly have made to happen in the absence of those creative concepts shared by you on such a concern. It was before a real terrifying problem in my position, nevertheless being able to view a professional technique you dealt with the issue forced me to leap over delight. I’m thankful for the assistance as well as expect you realize what a great job you are doing instructing other individuals thru a web site. Most probably you haven’t got to know all of us.
A lot of thanks for your whole labor on this web page. Gloria delights in getting into research and it’s easy to see why. I notice all regarding the lively way you offer reliable items on the web blog and even foster response from visitors about this idea while our own daughter is in fact studying a lot. Take advantage of the rest of the new year. Your performing a glorious job.
My husband and i felt so thrilled that Edward could finish off his analysis through the precious recommendations he came across using your blog. It’s not at all simplistic just to be giving out tips that many people today might have been selling. We already know we need you to appreciate for that. The main explanations you have made, the simple website navigation, the friendships you give support to promote – it is mostly awesome, and it’s really assisting our son in addition to us know that that content is pleasurable, which is certainly particularly indispensable. Thank you for the whole thing!
I simply had to appreciate you once more. I am not sure what I would’ve done without the entire concepts provided by you about such a area. It absolutely was a challenging circumstance for me, however , viewing a new skilled technique you managed that took me to weep over gladness. I’m just thankful for the guidance and sincerely hope you are aware of an amazing job you are providing training the mediocre ones using your website. I know that you haven’t got to know any of us.
I precisely needed to say thanks yet again. I do not know the things that I would’ve handled in the absence of the actual thoughts documented by you on such subject. It truly was the daunting dilemma in my position, however , being able to see a specialised fashion you handled that took me to jump with gladness. Now i’m thankful for your support and thus hope that you realize what an amazing job that you’re undertaking teaching some other people via your web blog. Most probably you’ve never got to know any of us.
I not to mention my friends were actually analyzing the excellent points on the website and then got a terrible feeling I never expressed respect to the website owner for those techniques. Those people came stimulated to see them and already have definitely been enjoying them. Appreciation for turning out to be well helpful and for obtaining this form of high-quality tips most people are really desirous to learn about. Our own sincere regret for not expressing gratitude to you sooner.
A lot of thanks for your own labor on this blog. Gloria really likes conducting internet research and it is easy to understand why. Most people hear all about the dynamic means you give important guidelines on this website and in addition encourage contribution from others on this issue then my daughter is without question being taught so much. Take advantage of the remaining portion of the year. Your doing a fabulous job.
I am only commenting to make you understand what a terrific encounter my wife’s girl encountered studying your web site. She mastered many things, not to mention what it is like to have a very effective helping mood to let the others clearly grasp chosen advanced issues. You undoubtedly did more than her desires. Many thanks for rendering such precious, dependable, educational and also fun tips about this topic to Kate.
I wanted to send a quick remark to express gratitude to you for some of the nice facts you are showing at this website. My extensive internet lookup has finally been recognized with wonderful knowledge to go over with my co-workers. I ‘d point out that many of us readers are very much endowed to exist in a fantastic website with many brilliant professionals with interesting strategies. I feel extremely lucky to have encountered your entire website page and look forward to some more cool moments reading here. Thanks again for everything.
I simply wanted to thank you so much once more. I’m not certain what I might have handled in the absence of the actual points documented by you about such field. It has been a difficult problem in my circumstances, but taking a look at this specialised mode you processed that made me to weep with delight. Extremely happy for your service and as well , pray you know what an amazing job that you are undertaking teaching other individuals through your blog post. Most probably you’ve never encountered any of us.
I have to express appreciation to you for rescuing me from this circumstance. Just after checking throughout the world wide web and getting ideas which were not pleasant, I was thinking my entire life was over. Living minus the strategies to the difficulties you’ve sorted out as a result of the article content is a serious case, and ones that could have in a wrong way affected my entire career if I had not encountered your blog. Your own personal know-how and kindness in playing with everything was tremendous. I am not sure what I would have done if I had not encountered such a stuff like this. I’m able to at this point look ahead to my future. Thanks very much for this high quality and results-oriented guide. I will not be reluctant to propose your web page to any individual who should have recommendations on this problem.